Child Language Acquisition Essay Example for Free

Child Language Acquisition Es governLinguistically, both of these infants are at different stages of their manner of declaiming development. The lexical choices made by each child can show what stage they are at in developing their language and applying it to situations and conversations. Sophies use of the word Bissie, inwardness biscuit shows that she hasnt sort of been able to pronounce the sound therefore makes an alternative word up that sounds similar, that is understandable by the childs carer/parent, muchover is easier to say than biscuit. Other lexical choices Sophie uses, tend to be commanding words, such as me want No. As the child is young, she realises to get what she wants she has to ask for it and by employ the commanding words, she is airing the fact that she wants something to her parent/carer. According to Hallidays functions, this language is regulatory, as well as being instrumental. She is controlling the behaviour of others (telling Fran that she does nt want to salubrious the dolls house) and she is obtaining material needs (wanting a biscuit).Katharine has grasped the concept of pronouns. She uses the personal pronoun I to refer to herself Now Ill do Jason, and she can even use we as the embodied term for her and her mum together We do Jason again shall we? Sophies sentences have basic structure to them, as she voices what she needs to say, in the simplest personal manner to say it. They are quite short, and to the point. Her language acquisition is at the stage where she knows how to communicate, speak and use words in a simple sentence to voice what she wants.Mary come me, meaning Can Mary come and play with me, is a very simple form of the sentence, but still communicates to her mum what she wants to do. She uses me instead of I to refer to herself. This murkiness of pronoun usage is common among young children. Some of the words she uses, she omits the prefixes of the sounds, such as nother instead of another. This make s it easier to say, and shortens what she says. Katharine on the other hand, who is involved in an activity, is communicating with her mum using more structured sentences.Her mum is constantly speculative what she is doing (Skinners theory of reinforcement and imitation ( solvent)) Wheres his body? then Katharine replies Deres his legs, touching his mouf. The pronunciation of the words isnt as of the essence(p) as the fact that she is constructing sentences and answering questions herself. A word such as there has a consonant cluster at the beginning which is hard to say for young children, therefore they change the pronunciation, so it still sounds like there but is easier to pronounce.She understood the question her mum was asking, and actually understood it was a question, maybe because of the intonation her mum wouldve had in her voice. This shows that she is capable enough with language to turn take, in a small conversation with her mum, talking about a depicted object/act ivity. This shows that her language acquisition is slightly more advanced than Sophies, as Sophie doesnt turn take, she doesnt answer questions either, she asks them and is at the stage of using why as a questioning word.Sophies conversation with her mum doesnt flow like Katharines, it is full of statements and commands rather than a question answer structure. Turn taking is apparent in both these conversations as the parents are initiating the conversation and getting the children to talk, causing no interruptions. Sophies utterance lengths are longer than Katharines on average, but the fact that Katharine is involved in an activity has an dissemble on her utterances, due to concentration. Comparing the utterance lengths, Katharines are more advanced with the syntax structure, as her sentences make more grammatical sense than Sophies.This doesnt make Sophie preposterous in her structure, she is just at a different stage of language acquisition than Katharine, and she is in the m iddle of developing her sentences. Age isnt a factor in language development, as every child is different. Katharines mother uses tag questions, such as isnt it? This encourages Katharine to answer her mum. Katharine does also use tag questions herself, to get a response from her mum, shall we. She has probably learnt how to use tag questions from comprehend to the way her mum speaks.This is quite advanced for a child as it shows they use a different way of getting a response, rather than just saying why or using commands. She also uses promote sounds, which is back channel behaviour uhuh and mmhu, to show she is listening and taking in what Katharine is saying. Sophies carer/parent however doesnt use tag questions and neither does Sophie. The conversation between the child and parent/carer is very simple and uses statements rather than questions, encouraging Sophie to talk.It is just a short conversation, with Sophie controlling it, rather then the parent/carer trying to encoura ge her to talk and say things. Of course, the pragmatics behind the conversations are for the parents/carers to get the children to speak and further their knowledge and understanding of the language. It is merely to get them to practice speaking, so they acquire language. There is a large difference between the two conversations, as they are in different environments (the contexts are different), with the children taking part in different situations.This is a factor which affects their language use and the way they use it in the context. After considering all of the factors to do with both conversations, I have come to the conclusion that Katharine is more linguistically developed and seems to be at a more advanced stage of language acquisition than Sophie. Katharine has a wider knowledge of the language and applies it to a conversation better than Sophie, as her sentences are constructed better and flow well.

Case Study One Solved Ethics Essay Example for Free

Case Study One Solved Ethics EssayIntegrityYour son, Mark, has been work night and day on a major contract for his company over the past six months.To substantiate his companys viability, Mark had to collapse certain private corporate information to Jimthe prospective customer. He gave out the private information during the closing phase of the contractonly after it had been understandably implied the contract would be his.Unfortunately, the contract did not materialize. Jim found a better deal.Mark is really upset by Jims lack of business ethics. He is also a little worried about keeping his job. He now believes that many of the statements made throughout the contract discussions and negotiations were false and deliberately misleading. headerOK dad/mom, your son Mark needs some advice. Write him a one-page letter. How should he have handled this situation and what should he do now? get down your answer to week 2.Dear sonI get very good that you are seeking help of your pare nts .Being a mother I intuitive feeling that you should try to keep your professional life a better one and not to reveal any information about the company and the policies to any of the customers as the information and the things of business are very sensitive and may cause a great harm if the mortal you are sharing with is not loyal. accord to me you should have read the policies and the contract before signing any of the document and you should try to avoid such a mistake again in life.With view to this I must say you should try to consult a lawyer or any lawsuit if you find any problem with the Jim. And if you feel that Jim is not doing well and is not standing on the contract made then you should try to avoid revealing secretive information to any of the person and should read the policies and make a suitable contract with only trust worthy person and if you feel like you are cheated or any cordial of loss has happened then you must sue or file a case against that person. But the ethics and the last things that comes to my mind is the ethic of honesty and a reliability. You should try to avoid such mistakes in future so that your hard work will become fruitful and you will become a prospering business personality.

Supply chain management of Nestle

Supply arrange treatment of nearSupply concatenation vigilance has gaining its splendour in serving business operations and being develop of strategic counselling of the business. Its role has been shifted from being a support subdivision to being the core department of business with strategic importance and role to roleplay in over entirely operations of the business. In modern business world no arranging idler sustain without having a healthy established, effective and in effect(p) planning chain focusing. The role of vendors along with vendor trouble with the introduction of information engineering science is important stipulation for governments.Now with gain of strategic importance of tot up chain prudence the service provider is right off becoming a partner to the government, rather being just the vendor. The factor influencing competitive value of the organization is now having the better vendor management and vendor relations in the list. Therefore i n coming years the importance of hang on chain management is expected to increase with the increase in competition and globalization.To understand the strategic come forth chain management, key concepts and use of information engineering science to assert the vendor relationships, this report in presented on one of the leading FMCG comp whatever Nestle. Their overlaps range is wide and the concentration of this report is on organizations Pakistan operations. Since Pakistan is the part of their global supply chain operations but for their draw products they need to rely on the local take out suppliers who are non real much educated and closely equipped. Therefore managing them is a challenge for the organization and same challenge and its handling is under study in this report. There are some recommendations in like manner inclined at the end so that improvements backside be do in local supply chain.Assignment 2a2ai) Current Supply Chain Strategies in NestleIn these l ines I shall be looking at the supply chain management of Nestle Pakistans operation and would not be discussing the global supply chain management of the organization. The organization has remarkable drudgery facilities in the country and they ready as well as enjoyed the healthy food market share for last few decades. One of the reasons of the conquest of the organization is their vendor management and the intelligent statistical distribution system.The market in Pakistan is mostly dependent upon the distribution network and same has been managed by the organization in recent years by having excellent relationship with their channel members and logistics. Their distribution network makes sure that every product is distributed in the necessary areas at the infallible metre and the demand and supply does not engage any gap. Their distribution setup is synced with their proceeds system therefore they do not have to manage the schedule of the product for the longer period o f time. This scheme has spared the organization on financial side moreover they have been able to provide the product to the market at demand (Hugos, 2006).The second side of their supply chain management is their vendor management, they have applied the just in time management concept in their raw material procurance and vendors are very rise up synced with the procurement and procurement is synced with the production and other support departments. This just in time management has also birthd the organization the inventory management cost of the raw material and they are able to maintain a very low level of the inventory. Their vendor are also required to make sure that their raw material reaches to the organization on time (Hugos, 2006).2aii) Use of IT to nurture Vendor RelationshipsThe information technology is serving organization to manage their business operations in different ways the same concept can also be applied to manage vendor relationships with Nestle Pakistans o perations.The organization can design a procurement network that is integrated with the various departments of the organization. And the procurement department can have information technology based application that are also integrated with the systems of the vendors and are automated. By using this system organization have the concept of just in time management applied in full spirit and the vendors pass on also be aware of the production schedules of the organization and they will be able to plan their delivery and their own production planning according (Hugos, 2006).The above mentioned scenario will make it easy and convenient for the vendors to do business with the organization and they will have better relationships with the organization and will continue to do business with them. With having these relationships with the organization they will be able to be partners of the company.Assignment 2b2bi) Assistance of IT in Supply ChainThe use of information technology can assist a great deal in the management of supply chain in case of Nestle Pakistan operations. In the global supply chain nestle is making use of supply chain management tools that are support by latest technology available. These tools are able to integrate different parts of the supply chain that includes the just in time management of raw materials, mechanisation of order generation to vendors and the logistics of raw material from vendor to warehouse and the distribution of the stainless in force(p)s to the different channels (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).Previously all the above mentioned parts of the supply chain were disintegrated or in some organization these parts were partially integrated. Now information technology has make is likely and easy to manage all these parts of the supply chain from one terminal and more over these parts and integrated with more automation. Example of this consolidation is simple, once the inventory level reaches to the pre defined minimal for the raw mat erial at the production adroitness, past the order management system which is connected to the inventory management system, automatically generated order to the pre defined vendors. The order receiving systems of vendors are connected with the procurement systems of the organization (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).After the vendor is intimated, they manage to supply the required tug and required quantity to organizations warehouse which is already intimated for the order delivery. entirely this put to work is through via an integrated system which is called ERP. The application of these information technology tools make the organization able to save their time and management resources and make the vendor the partners of the organization above all this usage of IT bring automation in the processes which is the fate of production oriented organizations (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).2bii) Effectiveness of IT in Management of Supply Chain in NestleWhen we talk about the effectively using th e information technology in the Pakistan market with local vendors that we see that our case company has been able to improve a lot in recent years. Since the market of Pakistan is s work in developing phase and the modern management and information technology practices are yet to be adapted in this market. Since Nestle for their business require a group of vendors that are able to provide the timely supplies therefore they had to work hard to induct the modern practices in their supply chain in relation the market conditions (Cohen and Roussel, 2004).Apart from the current IT tools to help the organization gain the best out of their supply chain management, there is a function in which information technology and its use can play an important part in the management of business, and which is still to be explored. This area is related to the supply chain management of their milk products. For their milk brand which is called MILK PAK they need to collect he milk from far and village areas of the market as the milk production is mostly done in the rural areas of Pakistan.Their milk collection process is done on daily basis and it is still on manual basis. There can be use of information technology by using this they can maintain the data base of their milk vendors which are small, geographically distributed and dispersed in locations. moreover they can also use information technology to locate their collection van using global positioning systems and install trekkers in them so that they can make sure the safety of the milk and the vans .Assignment 2c2ci) Role of Logistics in Supply ChainLogistics has an important role to play in the overall supply chain management of any organization. Logistics are the activities that are designed to keep the good or services moving from one destination to the other destination. This bowel movement of goods or services can be related to the raw material need for production setup, and its movement would be from vendor exposi t to the organizational premises and this movement can also be related to movement of finished good from organizational production facility to the channel member facility.In overall management of supply chain the logistics part has its own importance. Since the production oriented business is all about timing. If the raw material is not available to the production facility then the whole production cycle will get disturbed and similarly if the finished good are not reached to the channel members then they will not be able to distribute it on time and the result will be the complete failure of the business plan (Cohen and Roussel, 2004). reflection for any organization would be to have the logistics setup planned and implemented that is consuming less cost of operations more over which is integrated with the supply and demand channels of the organization. Ability to design such logistics setup helps the organization to achieve their supply chain objectives with putting minimum cost t o it. The success of any supply chain management is dependent upon the design of logistics, the smarter the design which is able to serve maximum in minimum cost the better the performance of supply chain roles will be. Focus of our case organization is to design the global logistics channel that is able to satisfy the global business needs in minimum costs. And they have been able to handle this challenge smartly (Cohen and Roussel, 2004).2cii) Evaluation of Procurement Practices in NestleProcurement practices in Nestle global as well as Nestle Pakistan are streamlined and working on the smarter management concepts. It would not be wrong to give voice that one of the success factors for their profitability in the Pakistan is their vendor relations and smart procurement. Nestle Pakistan has to procure different good and services from different kinds of vendor for their operations these good ranges from the raw material for their finished good as well as the supplies for the support departments like marketing. The overall philosophy of Nestle Pakistan procurement is to focus on quality as well as business efficiency (Hugos, 2006).When we talk about the milk product of the case company then we see that the procurement of the milk from different villagers that are spread across Pakistan is a challenge and the organization has been able to cater to this challenge very well. The important factor in the procurement of the raw milk is to make sure that milk is pure, hygienic and fresh. These things are made sure by designing a well established vendor network that is trustworthy for the procurement of fresh milk upon the above mentioned properties (Hugos, 2006).Their procurement department has select the reliable and quality vendors that includes small to medium sized diaries that provides the quality milk to the company. Their procurement department also makes sure that the milk is fresh, hygienic and above the standards defined by the organization. Their logistics have made sure that the fresh milk reaches to the production facility on daily basis. The same care and quality consciousness have been practiced in other procurement tasks, and in short we can say that procurement processes at the organization are of high standards (Hugos, 2006).2ciii) Factors for avail in Logistics ProcurementThere are several factors that are to be considered when organizations go for reviewing and better their logistics and procurement. The first factor that is to be taken care of is the bargaining power of the suppliers. The higher the bargaining power of supplier the higher will be the requirement for the organization to maintain and build good relationships with their suppliers. In industries where such power is with suppliers organizations have to design their procurement process which is supplier friendly and encourages the organizations to have good friendly relationships with their vendor, focusing on making them their partners in business and getting the competitive edge out of it (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).The second factor which is to be taken into consideration is the cost factor, the procurement and logistics can be costly to the organization if not designed creatively. The logistic are costly when their inbound and outbound management is not done the way to maximize the productivity. Therefore when organization design the procurement and logistics process they should keep in mind the cost of procuring the goods and service along with the distribution cost of the good should be minimum. These costs include the time and resources costs as well.Another important consideration is related to the integration of procurement and logistics with outride of the business operation. Organization when improving these processes should also make it sure that the maximum integration is possible with other departments like production. They should be working on the automation of the processes that should be managed by single hub. This way th e costs of operations will be minimum and automation and integration of all the operations will save time and increase efficiency in the business processes. They should also make sure that integration also include the vendors (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).Assignment 2d2di) outline for the Improvement of Supply ChainPresented below is the brief overview about the strategy that can be used to improve the supply chain management of the organization. The focus of the strategy to improve the supply chain management of Nestle Pakistans operations. While reviewing this strategy it should be kept in mind that Pakistan is developing country and their vendor management and logistics operations are being run on old school management. The mentioned below point are focusing on vendor management and to increase the use of information technology to bring overall improvement (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).First of all the organization should work on the vendor relationship management, up till now the balan ce of power was with the organizations in Pakistani market, but with the introduction of global economy and open market more players are unveiling into Pakistan and now the importance of vendors is increasing. Keeping this view in mind the Nestle should be working on increasing the organization and vendor integration and they should be made partners in business. This can be done via having automation and integration with vendor systems and simply keeping them motivated to be partners with the organization (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).The second improvement which is required is to dent the use of information technology in their supply chain management processed. Up till now the organization is using the information technology internally but they have to move out and make their vendor also use this tool. One can argue that currently vendors are not that advance in using technologies but I would say that organization would have to educate their vendors and make them part of their organi zational process, this way they will be able to achieve the true partnership with their suppliers and the operations of supply chain will improve a great deal (Chopra and Meindl, 2009).2dii) Benefits of Improvement to Business trading operationsThe improvements suggested above have different benefits to the organizational business operations, these benefits ranges from operation to strategic benefits. The first benefit that organization will have is that they will have a strategic competitive advantage by partnering with the suppliers of the raw material of their products. The business era is changing the market and now other players are also entering into the same market, now the competitive advantage will be with the organizations which have strategic partnership with their suppliers as well. The increases in competition have also made the suppliers aware of their important role and they are also feeling the shifting balance of power. So it will be advisable to make the partnersh ip ahead others do (Hugos, 2006).The second improvement is related to the use of information technology in supply chain management and it has many benefits for the organization. First of all the organization will be able to achieve the integration between different departments playing their part in value chain. Once this is done it will save time and financial resources to the organization as the processes will be streamlined and efficiency will increase. The second benefit of the IT usage will be that vendors and suppliers can also be made part of the organizational processes and with that supply chain overall and procurement processes in specific will be improved. This will once again help the organization to get business efficiency (Hugos, 2006).The third benefit is related to distribution part of supply chain, organization will, with the usage of information technology, have the most streamlined distribution network when they have partnered with their channel members, and this will also help in the improvement of business.2diii) Overcoming the Barriers to Change in Improvement StrategyWhenever there is a strategic careen barriers are always there. These barriers are to be removed with the creation of understanding and delegation. The first process is to make the management understand that what are the benefits of the new strategy advised for the strategic change in supply change management. More over the management will also be informed about the challenges it has to face if they do not adapt the required changes in the market. The top management in the first phase will be made part of the process and strategic importance of the change will be introduced to them.In the second phase where the top management will already be convinced about the required change, the middle management will be taken into confidence, at this stage the vendors will also be made part of the process so that they are aware of their role in the organization. This stage will also be comprising the rough drafts of the change. In this process all the vendors and relevant departs will be encouraged to give their feedback about the suggested changes moreover their suggestion will also be noted for any improvement.All this discussion and delegation will create the sense of ownership in management and their feedback will make them realize that this is something for their own benefit and they will start owing it. Once the ownership is there, the barriers to change will start reducing it and fear of unknown will be removed. With this process the implementation of the strategic change will be made successful and finally the concerned departments will also be provided with the required training.ConclusionIn this report I have discusses various kinds of supply chain strategies and use of information technology to improve the supply chain. The organization selected for the analysis was Nestle Pakistan, and their supply chain strategies were discussed briefly. The organiza tion is having awing supply chain management however they need to concentrate on two dimensions. One solution being the concentration on making the vendors partners of the organization. indorse solution being increasing the use of information technology tools to manage their vendor relationships.

Macbeth: The Vaulting Ambition

Macbeth The Vaulting AmbitionShakespeares Macbeth is considered to be one of the best plays ever written. It is set in Scotland in the medieval times, nigh the 11th century. The play focuses on the psychological effects performed on the main character Macbeth.Macbeth shows us how dramatically his representation changes. Macbeth at the beginning is a super respected and well-known war-hero. However the perk upd of change is planted when he meets the three evil witches who predict his future of becoming the king of Scotland. This fast instance makes Macbeth ambitious and he kills Duncan, the current king. Macbeths vaulting ambition rapidly accelerates but he becomes careless which leads to his death.Macbeth starts as a normal noble man who has feelings, friends, a wife and he is a war-hero. As time and tragic events elapse, his time as a ruthless killer begins. As soon as he meets the witches and learns of his future as king, he falls for lady Macbeths charm and begins to plot a nd to think of collide with.My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical(1.3.9) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) aft(prenominal) the witches predict that Macbeth will become king, he thinks of murder, even though the witches had not said anything about murder. This brings to question whether the witches are to blame or that the thought of murder had always been there.MACBETHAside The Prince of Cumberland That is a stepOn which I must fall down, or else oerleap,For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your firesLet not light see my black and deep desires.(1.4.4)(Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4)When Malcolm is proclaimed to be the heir to the throne of Scotland, Macbeth sets aside his morality. He knows that killing Duncan to become king is wrong, which is why he doesnt want any light to see my black and deep desires.MACBETH I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which oerleaps itselfAnd falls on the other. (1.7.1) (Macbeth Ambition Qu otes Page 1, 2, 3, 4)Macbeth realises that his vaulting ambition is all that motivates him to murder Duncan. To him this is not enough to kill a king, which is why after this speech he decides not to go through with it. But of course we know that Lady Macbeth convinces him to murder Duncan later on.When he is set in front of Duncan at his bedside, Lady Macbeth convinces him to realise that this is the only way. However in doing this evil deed it had made the townspeople suspicious of the other 2 heirs who ran away as they thought they would be next. This meant that Macbeth had to kill Malcolm who was next in line for the iron throne.At this point Macbeths experiences a series of breakdowns as he begins to lose his mind and his human dignity. afterward the murder of Duncan, Macbeth falls into the trap of a murderous rage.He believed that this would clear his name, but it only made it worse. Each person he kills results in another. With individually kill Macbeth loses his feelings o f right and wrong. Macbeths principles are soon deteriorated to nothing as his killings become numerous.MACBETH For mine own goodAll causes shall give way. I am in bloodSteppd in so far that, should I wade no more,Returning were as tedious as go oer. (3.4.24) (Macbeth Ambition Quotes Page 1, 2, 3, 4) after(prenominal) going on his killing spree, Macbeth suggests that once a man has killed for gain, it is impossible to stop. Macbeth at this point is willing to do anything in order to help himself as he finds it easier to kill. Macbeth believes that hes got to look out for himself.After killing Banquo and confronting his ghost, Macbeth breaks down for the last time. At this point Macbeths last shred of his morals are gone. Lady Macbeth sudden dies and he shows no remorse. Instead of stopping his killing spree he orders Macduffs family to be killed. Macbeth at this point has lost complete control as he starts to believe only in the witches prophecy and visions and that he cannot be kil led by any man, giving him a false sense of security. He then plans to agitate assassins to the castle of Macduff which is in England in order to kill his family. On his way to confront and murder Macduff, Macbeth kills a young soldier without question as he does not care. Here he has nothing but become a cold blooded killer.Near the end of the play, and Macbeths killing spree, his transformation is complete as he loses all of his human thoughts and feelings. Macbeth changes from a man of honour to a man of fear and anger as he loses his ability to make decisions and his morality.In conclusion I believe that this play explores the tragic demise of a good man because of his vaulting ambition because we can see how corrupt a good person can become if one is twisted by the evil supernatural. This is shown through how crowds become so powerful over Macbeth that they confuse him and force him into making drastic decisions that change his mind. He has tyrant qualities in the last stages of the play, but the power overwhelms him to succeed and condone these evil deeds. He once was a noble man who has now become a vulnerable and weak target for the desire for power. As a highly respected war-hero to become a cold-blooded killer we can see how the effect of power and his vaulting ambition to become king can lead to the tragic demise of a good man.Word Count = 970

Pregnancy and Advanced Maternal Age

Pregnancy and Advanced Maternal AgeAs more than women focus on their c arers, more women are arse aroundting pregnant and having children after the age of 35 years old, which means in the medical field that they are placed in a group of mothers that are classified as being of advanced agnatic age. Not that many years ago some of the women if they were able to conceive, would not carry the child to term or would die before the baby was born, exclusively be wee of advances in medical technology most of these women comfortably get pregnant and have normal pregnancies however on that point are some issues and risks involved when having a baby during your later childbearing years.As women age, they sour less fertile and the ovaries do not incessantly release an egg each month during the menstrual cycle which can be a cause of infertility. As you age there is also an increased risk that the baby will have a heritable disorder, like Downs Syndrome. There are always concerns for th e mother and fetus during pregnancy, but for the woman who has hit advanced motherlike age she will be specially monitored for problems related to her age. The risk of miscarriage increases to intimately 1 in 4 at the age of 35 and 1 in 3 after the age of 45, with the majority of these caused by a genetic problem with the baby. The advanced maternal age mother is more then twice as likely to develop high blood pressure or diabetes during her pregnancy as a younger woman under 35 years of age. There is also an increased risk of placental abruption and placenta previa in older mothers. Regular checkups during the pregnancy are always important, but with the mother of advanced maternal age checkups should be started earlier and more tests will be provided to monitor the fetus. Common tests offered to mothers over the age of 35 are blood test called AFP, triple screen, quad screen and/or integrated tests, which is do in the midst of 15 to 18 weeks pregnant and measures several diffe rent substances in your blood to look for a problem in the babies spine or signal a possible genetic problem. Another more invasive test called Amniocentesis and Chorionic villi sampling are tests used to check for genetic problems with the baby. Amniocentesis is done by drawing away a volume of amniotic fluid by inserting a spur, usually guided with ultrasound, through the mothers skin where it crosses the uterine argue into then amniotic sac where the baby and fluid reside. It is most often done in the third trimester to test for lung maturity when there is a risk of infection in allowing a high-risk pregnancy to continue and at 15 weeks to do genetic testing. Chorionic Villous Sampling (CVS) is a technique that uses a needle through the cervix (a vaginal approach) to biopsy some chorionic tissue (placental tissue). The cells retrieved can be tested for genetic abnormalities, yielding the same information that amniocentesis provides, but over a month earlier. With all tests the re comes increased risks and worrying for the patient and family, teaching is especially important during these times. With the more invasive testing there comes an increased risk of miscarriage and then waiting for the results can also cause anxietyNot all is negative for the mother who is of advanced maternal age, these women are usually more educated, financially stable and have good healthcare, and they are usually in good relationships with extended family support. Most women of advanced maternal age are encouraged to have genetic counseling prior to pregnancy to determine if they are at risk of having a baby with a genetic disorder such as Down syndrome and so therefore are more educated regarding these issues and better able to make decisions that might burden themselves or the future of the baby. Women of advanced maternal age should be provided the same instructions for prenatal care as a younger mother, such as to see her provider before getting pregnant and continue with checkups as scheduled. Like any other pregnant mother she should take a multivitamin pill everyday, eat a variety of healthy foods, plenty of rest and exercise. Teaching should be done when to call the doctor, such as having bleeding with or without pain, good headache, problems with eyesight, severe swelling of the face, hands, ankles and feet, any fluid leaking from the vagina and having contractions before her due date. Because of all medical advances that have been made, mothers of advanced maternal age can safely get pregnant and carry the baby to term, these mothers are really just like any other pregnant women, but because of their age will need to be monitored a little more carefully for risks that could affect any pregnant women.

Affirmative Action in the United States Essay -- Affirmative Action Pr

Affirmative Action in the joined States Affirmative Action in the United States consists of the active efforts that take into account race, fetch up and national origin for the purpose of remedying and preventing discrimination. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal government requires certain businesses and educational institutions that receive federal funds to develop approbatory action programs. Such policies are enforced and monitored by both The Office of Federal Contract Compliance and The Equal Employment Opportunity agency (EEOC) (Lazear 37).The almost noteworthy criticism of affirmative action is that of the white male population who insists that such programs are forms of reverse discrimination. In contrast to their view, the United States Commission on Civil Rights argued until 1983 that only if society were operating fairly would measures that take race, sex, and national origin into account be preferential treatment. After the commission on civil rights was reorganized in late 1983, however, it took the opposite position. By January of 1984, it approved a statement that racial preferences merely constitute another form of groundless discrimination. In recent years, however, affirmative action has continued to grow, and the number of controversies surrounding its existence is consistently augmented.In 1978, in University of California Regents v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme butterfly held (5-4) that fixed quotas may not be set for places for minority applicants for medical school if white applicants are denied a chance to compete for those places. The court, however, did say that sea captain schools may consider race as a factor in making decisions on admissions. More recently than the Regents decision, in United Steel solveers of the States V. weber (1979) and Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980), the court continued to hold for affirmative action.II. An Introduction to the ControversyThe transformation of affirmative action over the years is generally considered a negative and socially unfair one. Although the original intention of such programs with regard to minority management was one of an undeniably just nature, my research has clearly indicated that over the years, various court-ordered trends have drastically altered the socio-political implications of affirmative action often creating unfair situations for white males who are not part o... ...ope for in the current system is an augmentation in the number of companies educating their employees on multicultural human relations. Since the eventual long-term goal is to eliminate evil, the only way to do so in corporate America is to teach people about acceptance. Executive stereotyping only exists because mainstream stereotyping exists. Minorities can stop feeling like inferior tokens when whites stop regarding us as such and stereotyping us out of sheer ignorance.Affirmative action must exist at least as symbolism of this countrys commitment to civil rights. The thick blood of prejudice will still continue to run through the veins of U.S. society, despite upbeat talk about the increasingly diversified work force. Government-mandated hiring preferences prod companies into integrating their work force, and in the past twenty-five years ofaffirmative action, blacks and other minorities have indeed benefitted both socially and economically. Individual businesses and the economy have profited, not lost. Until the United States conceives a better idea, it is most wise to maintain a policy that despite its flaws, is both a moral imperative and an economic necessity.

Neglect and Decay in Joyce Carol Oates Haunted Essay -- Joyce Carol O

Neglect and Decay in Joyce Carol Oates HauntedThings in the world even those built by man are so silence left to themselves People futilely fight the decay of life and relationships in an attempt to find beauty and goodness in the world. Joyce Carol Oates masterfully illustrates this paper in her short story Haunted. Oates reveals the protagonist Melissas desperate struggle with looming forces like the physical environment, her twisted relationship with her best friend, and even the madness in her own mind. Oates utilizes imagery, tokens, and metaphors to show the downtrodden state of the countryside in which Melissa and Mary Lou live. Mentioning it several times throughout the story, Oates uses glass as a major symbol signifying the once beautiful structures which become ugly and useless in neglect. In all of the houses Melissa and Mary Lou explore, there is broken glass underfoot and windows which learn been smashed. Slippery like water, the glass foreshadows the danger of Melissas mind finally shattering. Oates also describes Mary Lous eyes as blue lik...